Shubham Singhal is a senior partner in McKinsey’s Detroit office. Addie Fleron is an associate partner in the Chicago office.
The authors wish to thank Katherine Baicker, Gretchen Berlin, Daniel Brown, Brandon Carrus, Christopher Chen, Sam Hazen, David Knott, Bob Kocher, Pooja Kumar, Sarah London, Steve Markovich, Peter McCanna, Emad Rizk, Jim Skogsbergh, Sven Smit, Mandy Tilton, Drew Ungerman, and Nithya Vinjamoori for their contributions to this article.